Ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease affecting mainly the large intestine, characterized by recurrent mainly of blood diarrhea, and pathologically by diffuse inflammation of colonic mucosa. It is one type of diseases of the gastrointestinal system. Some clinical features are severity of symptoms reflects the extent of colonic involvement and the intensity of inflammation , exacerbations and remissions are characteristic, bloody diarrhea with mucus and pus,abdominal pain especially lower abdominal, symptoms and signs of dehydration and anaemia. Apart from this it also have some others features namely fever ,weight loss ,loss of appetite and incidence of carcinoma colon is high, especially in cases of total colitis ,duration more than 10 years and early age of onset. Some of the Main investigations are anaemia, electrolyte abnormalities, hypoproteinaemia, abnormal liver function tests, barium enema, stool examination etc. To prevent this disease we should follow the following treatments such as parental nutrition through a central venous line in seriously ill-patients, high protein, blood infusions and plasma infusions, correction of dehydration. Following surgical procedure should be taken 1.Emergency surgical procedure is colostomy with ileostomy; the rectum and distal colon being removed at a later stage, 2.Elective surgical procedure is total proctocolectomy with ileostomy.